The PhD is the third level of study and is the highest degree of university education in the Italian academic system and allows the development of the skills necessary to carry out highly qualified research activities. The PhD aims at the translational integration of different disciplines to lead the PhD student to identify prognostic, predictive and therapeutic factors in tumors with particular attention to the pulmonary and gynecological digestive tract. This aspect is evident in relation to the development of Gender Medicine given the research orientations. The Doctorate is based on three curricula: EXPERIMENTAL AND SURGICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES IN ONCOLOGY which aims to develop research starting from studies in the field of molecular biology , modifications of gene expression, genetic mutations, oncogenic mechanisms and molecular targets. The methodologies favor the development of innovative surgical and therapeutic techniques aimed at favoring "Target Therapy". DIGESTIVE DISEASES: provides for epidemiological studies and established principles of health interventions aimed at preventing, treating and curing neoplasms, and establishing palliative therapies. Basic and diagnostic research lines, in vitro and in vivo interventional studies, screening programs on colon, pancreatic, liver, stomach and oesophageal cancers are being studied. Research into risk factors in rare diseases of the digestive system is favoured. GYNECOLOGICAL AND OBSTETRICS SCIENCES: aims to provide scientific training for research activity in the identification of predictive and prognostic molecular-biological factors for the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological tumours. Research is also outlined for fertility preservation in cancer patients Finally there is gynecological robotic surgery for benign and malignant pathologies. The Doctorate includes teaching, laboratory and assistance activities. The curricula of this PhD provide for the possibility of carrying out research periods in foreign offices, carrying out co-tutorship works and theses. The PhD student is involved in teaching activities up to a maximum of forty hours per year, thus completing the training for those who show interest in a university career. The verification of the activity carried out is monitored through the presentation of the progress of the research, the illustration of the critical issues and possible solutions. Data analysis is tackled through the use of innovative technological tools such as: statistical analyses, spreadsheets. The objective of the Doctorate is to train professional figures capable of proceeding to moments of cultural synthesis, combining figures with different skills capable of collaborate with national and international public and private research centres.