ADVANCES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY, LEGAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES The PhD course consists of four curricula: Infectious Diseases, Public Health Sciences and Social Medicine, Microbiology and Parasitology, Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences.. A. Infectious Diseases The aim of PhD course is to train researchers able to assess the study of a complex discipline with an updated and in-depth knowledge and technological background. It will be based on the knowledge of immunopathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of infectious and tropical diseases and will be done into 3 years, with one year aimed at scientific training and two years at the realization of a research project. Research areas of the Infectious Diseases curriculum are: 1. Infection and Immunity 2. Antimicrobial therapy of infectious diseases. 3. Emerging and re-emerging infections. B. PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCES AND SOCIAL MEDICINE The curriculum is structured into two sub-curricula: Public Health Sciences and Social Medicine 1. Public Health Sciences The training courses proposed respond to the great need for expert researchers in evaluation and implementation of health promotion and diseases control interventions and health policies. The curriculum is structured into the following areas: epidemiology for public health, prevention of infectious and non-communicable diseases, healthcare management, hospital hygiene, environmental, food and industrial hygiene, global health, precision medicine, preventive and community nursing. 2. Social Medicine The Social (Legal and Welfare) Medicine Curriculum has objectives and methodology mainly aimed at the protection of the individual ("living being") in the social context. Social Medicine Research lines include the evolution of the concepts of health and illness in comparative European law. C. MICROBIOLOGY and PARASSITOLOGY The curriculum aims at giving to PhD students a deep knowledge of Microrganisms and Organisms (Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites and Vectors) related to human diseases, with special focus on molecular mechanisms underlying their transmission, life-cycle, replication and pathogenic potential. Through frontal lessons, seminars and journal club, together with the development of research activities in specific projects, assisted by Senior Scientists, the Curriculum aims at giving a complete formation to PhD Students that will acquire knowledge and skills in the following Research fields: D. LEGAL MEDICINE The research areas of the Doctorate for the part relating to the Forensic Medicine curriculum, mainly concern four macro-sectors: (1) forensic pathology, (2) management of clinical risk and healthcare liability litigation, (3) deontology and clinical bioethics and (4) forensic medicine. These research areas characterize forensic medicine by strengthening its methodological rigor and promoting dialogue with the Judicial Authority.