The aim of this PhD Program is to train researchers with in-depth interdisciplinary skills related to in vitro (pre-clinical) experiments and innovations in the development of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches (clinical) that take place in numerous biomedical and surgical disciplines, paying particular attention to therapies aimed at molecular targeted therapies. The profile of these researchers (students from Biology, Biotechnology and Medicine) fits into the "gap" between basic research activities and application in clinical practice and wants to make an optimal use of the new building Sapienza-Sant'Andrea, its spaces dedicated to research laboratories and the contiguity with the didactic and assistance facilities between Sapienza and the Sant'Andrea University Hospital. The PhD student must also be able to carry out and/or analyze data of individuals and patient populations through data collection and big data analysis processes, with the aim of obtaining predictive (according to models) and trend (instructive) analyzes, to discover hidden patterns and connections between diagnostic, prognostic and clinical response. The PhD program must learn the doctoral students how to use: - the biological models; - the most modern biomedical technologies, in order to set up a correct and complete experimental path; - the translational application of scientific research. Particular attention will be given to the translational studies of novel molecules, including those of natural origin, capable of modulating cell metabolism for therapeutic purposes. During their training, PhD students will be able to: 1) learn and use cutting-edge technologies: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), proteomics, metabolic analysis; 2) support clinical and surgical groups qualified and involved in national and international research projects in the different areas; 3) participate in courses and seminars of biological, biotechnological, bioinformatics, and clinical, aimed to deeply discuss specific topics of the PhD program; 4) perform internships in qualified Research Centers in Italy, EU and USA countries. The research activity will be carried out under the supervision of a Tutor, who will have the task of design a research project with the doctoral student and verifying that the doctoral student fulfills his/her training duty. From the second year of the course, part of the research activities may be carried out at international research institutes, on the basis of programs shared with the host structure and approved by the Doctoral Faculty Board. In addition, by making use of the presence of visiting professors at the Department, doctoral students will be able to participate in “meet-the-professor” sessions as well as benefit from scientific methodological updates in specific areas of research.