Specific and in depht investigations in all fields of phisiopathology, both surgical and medical, in matter of cardiac diseases, vascular disceases, thoracic diseases and in all fields of diagnosis by imaging including non invasive investigations, radiology and nuclear medicine. Those disciplines are strictly interwinned and complete each other in research. This Doctoral course is divided into different curricula according to prevalent interest in scientific investigations, be it vascular or cardiac, radiological or nuclear medicine. Every candidate admitted to the doctoral course is asked to present a subject and purpose of research and indicate in which unit or units such a research will be carried out. Equipment, materials and anything else needed for investigation has also to be specified and provided. The candidate must also select a tutor willing to help and check and share responsability for effective development and audit of investigational activities. Every tutor is asked to provide a note about his/her pupils every six months and once a year a plenary meeting is held were the candidates present advancements of their research and discuss them with the entire Faculty. The final goals is to obtain an advancement in knowledge from every research carried out during the doctoral course.