The training objectives concern the training and development of research in the cardiovascular and chest field with the acquisition of notions of ultrasound and advanced radiatrics. The contents of the program are: cardiovascular anatomy and physiology; Vascular, cardiac and chest diseases; non -invasive and invasive diagnostics; notions of medical therapy and advanced surgical therapy methods; vegetative neuroeffectors mechanisms at the cardiovascular level; Identification, lease and biological role of protease inhibitors in the nervous and cardiovascular system; Dopaminergic and cholinergic receptor systems in the cardiovascular system; plasma and tissue protease inhibitors at the level of the cardiovascular system; evaluation of myocardial vitality and transmurality of necrosis after myocardial infarction, through polyparametric techniques; evaluation of the stunned and hibernated myocardium; pulmonary and extra-spy micobacteriasis; Neurotrophic receptors in the lung arteries and in the bronchiol-alveolar washing fluid in sarcoidosis; Aerosolic use of Alfa Interferon in pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis; Ethiopathogenesis of pulmonary and extra -polmunary histiocyties. As far as the imaging area is concerned, the training and development of research will be deepened first of all in the cardio-vascular field, in the oncological and gastro enterological ones through advanced scintigraphy techniques (Spect and Pet). The contents of the program include radiopharmaceuticals for this area, new image techniques, cardiological and gastro-enteric pathophysiology and neoplastic growth. Furthermore, pathophysiology and imaging updates are contemplated through seminars held by Italian and foreign experts in order to create high -level global scientific training in doctorates. The experiences gained will have to lead doctorals to orient themselves in a professional way in the following areas: evaluation of prostheses and vascular endoprotesis. Evaluation of cardiac pathophysiology and relative diagnostic. Evaluation of pneumological pathophysiology and its diagnostics. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures inherent in Toracic Surgery Pulmonary transplant. Study of Artero-Venose pulmonary fistulas. Study of the artero-venosis cardio-circulators. Applications of scintigraphy in the diagnosis of the pathologies of the cardiovascular and systemic and pulmonary vascular system. Application of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (RM) in the diagnosis of the various cardiovascular and chest pathologies. To conclude translational laboratory activities.