Qolossus 2.0, Italy's first modular photonic quantum computer — an innovative type of quantum computer that exploits the properties of light quanta — has been officially unveiled. It was developed as part of the National Research Centre for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing initiative (PNRR ICSC), coordinated by Sapienza University of Rome at the Quantum Lab, led by Fabio Sciarrino. Contributions also came from Roberto Osellame's research group at the Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology of the National Research Council in Milan, and Daniele Bajoni's research group at the University of Pavia.

Qolossus 2.0 is a significant step forward in the development of an alternative type of quantum computer based on photons as computing units. This type of machine offers several potential advantages: easier integration with quantum communications (which are based on photons), and greater operational simplicity (as there is no need to work at very low temperatures). This effort is linked to the development of a new computing paradigm in the broader field of photonics, which could deliver improved performance and reduced energy consumption.

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