The aim of this PhD Program is to train researchers with in-depth interdisciplinary skills related to in vitro experiments and clinical innovations. Focusing into the development and applications of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques present nowadays, the PhD program holds as a key theme the discovery and application of molecular targets for the development of targeted-based therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the profile of the PhD will fit into the "gap" between the pre-clinical research activities and the resultant clinical applications. The PhD must be able to conduct a research project interpreting and/analyzing data of individuals and patient populations through data collection and big data analysis processes, with the aim of obtaining predictive (according to models) and trend (instructive) analyzes for discover hidden patterns and connections between diagnostic, prognostic and clinical response to treatments data. In the various activities of the Program, the PhD students will be involved: - in the study of biological models, regards both the physiological aspect and their pathological modifications; - in the use of the most recent biomedical technologies useful to set up a correct and complete experimental path; - in the translation of novel biological acquisition into update clinical and surgical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Particular attention will be given to the evaluation of properties and efficacy of new molecules, including those of natural origin, capable of modulating cell metabolism for therapeutic purposes. During their training, PhD students will be able to: 1) learn and use cutting-edge technologies: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), proteomics, metabolic analysis; 2) support qualified clinical and surgical groups already involved in national and international research projects in the various areas; 3) participate in courses and seminars of biological, biotechnological, bioinformatics, clinical interest, aimed at mastering the contents of the doctoral curriculum; 4) undertake internships in qualified Research Centers in Italy or abroad.