The PhD in Pharmacology and Toxicology aims to provide the PhD students with the theoretical and practical bases to prepare for a research career in Molecular, Cellular and Behavioral Pharmacology and Toxicology, as well as to tackle, at the experimental and regulatory level, pharmaco-toxicological problems concerning the exposure to natural and synthetic substances. These aims are pursued through the active participation of the student in research projects carried out at the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology of Sapienza University and, when possible, in other international centers collaborating with Sapienza. PhD students will acquire autonomous ability to plan, propose and implement basic and applied research projects. In addition, they will acquire critical assessment capabilities for experimental protocols, guidelines and standard operating procedures. The skills acquired in the PhD program contribute to the training of young researchers who can meet the needs of both national and international public and private structures. The possible employment opportunities are represented by the inclusion in the University, in public and private research centers and in the pharmaceutical industry. Students enrolled in the Program are required to spend in the laboratory to which they have been assigned most of the time required for the research work necessary to develop their doctoral thesis, under the supervision of their Academic Tutor. This Tutor is assigned by the PhD Board of Professors, who will annually evaluate the progress of the thesis project, possible future strategies and individual problems. During the PhD program students will be encouraged to pursue their research in a qualified laboratory abroad, for a period of time that cannot exceed 18 months. In this way the students will have an opportunity to learn new technics, to experience different approaches to medical and biological research, and to establish working relationships that will be useful in their future career. The cultural training of doctoral students consists of an educational activity consisting of cycles of lectures and seminars held by professors of the doctorate, by other professors of Sapienza University and by external experts. The Doctorate ends with a thesis, defended publicly in the presence of Academic tutors and members of Italian and/or foreign Universities. Students are expected to meet the requirements necessary to achieve the doctoral degree within three years. Ideally, successful candidates should be young graduates who obtained their Master Degree defending an experimental thesis focused on topics related to the PhD Program, with an excellent education track, a strong commitment to develop as independent investigators and with good English language skills. One or more publications on high quality international journals, with a demonstrated active involvement in the work, will be highly appreciated.