The PhD course is articulated in six curricula: 12/GIUR-04 Labour Law. The course is aimed at a study of the regulations on employment relationships, including aspects related to trade union law, social security, and occupational health and safety at work. The analysis also considers the transformations brought about by new technologies at the level of national sources, European legislation, and comparative experiences. 12/GIUR-08 Tax Law. The curriculum is carrying into the principle of transparency, impartiality, effectivity and efficiency. The auspicated parity conditions between administration and taxpayers are still far but the new legislation, among the Statute of the Tax Payer, make a different behaviour of these relations impressed to a major collaboration. 12/GIUR-02 - 12/GIUR-03 Commercial law and markets’ regulation. The areas of research are as follows: (a) business enteprise; (b) business contracts; (c) markets’ regulation and competition law; (d) public supervision of private companies; (e) intellectual property; (f) representation and circulation of movable wealth; (g) corporate governance; (h) insolvency law. 12/GIUR-11 Comparative Private Law. The program is designed to develop a solid theoretical foundation in the comparative analysis of legal systems, with particular attention to methodological approaches and the dynamics of the circulation of normative models in the European and international contexts, enabling to acquire the necessary critical skills to conduct research in this field. 12/GIUR-01 - 12/GIUR-16 Civil Law and History of European Law: The purpose is to prepare PhD students for scientific research in Civil Law and History of European Law. The training programme includes: (i) the study of European private law in its historical evolution, through the in-depth study of the main institutions in a diachronic perspective; (ii) the rights and interests protected by the rules and the so-called fundamental rights; (iii) the process of European integration; (iv) the study of convergence aspects in the evolution of European legal systems. 12/GIUR-12 The course in civil procedural law focuses on the matters, in the innovations of the civil procedure code, special legislation, the procedural profiles of bankruptcy, alternative dispute resolution. The aim is to deepen the cultural knowledge on a theoretical and applicative profiles, as well as to develop research skills.