The PhD in "Advanced Technologies in Surgery" provides graduates in Medicine and Surgery with scientific and technological training, in general surgery, of the digestive and vascular systems, of the urinary and male genital systems, of the auditory organs, of phonation and of the neck, aimed at the production of scientific publications and other products of scientific and technological research. It is divided into 3 Curriculum: Curriculum A: Advanced Technologies in Surgery; Curriculum B: Neck Organ Pathologies and Biocompatibility; Curriculum C: Surgery. The scientific-disciplinary sectors are: General Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Urology The PhD is accessed by passing a public competition, which can be attended by candidates who, at the time of the deadline indicated in the announcement, are in possession of a degree under the old system or a specialist or master's degree or similar academic qualification, even if obtained abroad and recognized as equivalent by the Academic Board for the sole purpose of admission to the PhD programme. From a.y. 2022-2023 it is possible to simultaneously enroll in a doctorate and in a medical or non-medical specialization school. The main educational objectives are the scientific training of surgeons able, at the end of the course, to independently plan, conduct, analyze and conclude research projects. The theoretical part is initially aimed at clinical research methodologies, including statistical analyses, subsequently at the pathophysiological knowledge of diseases, with attention to neoplastic diseases and pathophysiological conditions induced by surgery, where basic research problems will be addressed, genetics molecular structure, immune and neuroendocrine mechanisms, new therapeutic strategies, innovative and minimally invasive surgical methodologies. The practical part will include the attendance of PhD students in laboratories, wards and operating rooms, tutored by Professors belonging to the Course. Surgical, otorhinolaryngological and urological skills are represented in the teaching staff. The teachers collaborate with each other and with the most qualified national and international departments, allowing PhD students to carry out a research period abroad. The integration between care units, outpatient clinics and research laboratories belonging to the different Departments guarantees the achievement of the training aims both in terms of experimental and clinical research. The educational objectives that we aim to achieve in the three years of the course are: 1) Development of an adequate and updated basic cultural knowledge; 2) Theoretical and practical learning of diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies; 3) Design and development of research projects.