Provide the training necessary for the student to gain theoretical, practical and methodological knowledge of scientific research in: - endocrinology, molecular pathophysiology, especially of the thyroid hormones; gene expression and mechanisms regulating genes coding for enzymes involved in steroidogenesis and thus in the context of prostate pathology - metabolism, pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications, dyslipidaemia and obesity - andrology , pathophysiology of reproduction and male sexuality, including the immunological aspects of fertility; here too, the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases will be examined in depth In addition, the PhD course aims to provide specific training to Graduates in Medicine, Biological Sciences and Biotechnology in order to establish a new type of researcher - the reproduction biotechnologist - highly specialised in the study of gametes and fertility. Biotechnology incorporates the numerous technologies applied in the field of biology, which are widely used in the development of new medical therapies and diagnostic tools. The educational aim of this PhD course is to gain scientific and professional skills in the biotechnologies relevant to reproduction. Advanced training will be given in cryobiology, molecular biology, molecular genetics, embryology and gene manipulation, focussing on the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the fertilisation process and the pathophysiology of reproduction.