The aim of the PhD course is to provide specific training to graduates in Medicine, Biological Sciences and Biotechnologies to acquire scientific skills in the endocrinological, metabolic and andrological fields and to define a new researcher, the biotechnologist of reproduction, specialized in the study of gametes and fertility. The PhD students' training pathway involves the acquisition of basic knowledge related to endocrine-metabolic and andrological pathologies with a special attention to the pathologies responsible for male infertility and to the learning of cryobiology, molecular biology, molecular genetics, including the genetic mechanisms and molecules involved in the fertilization process and in the pathophysiology of reproduction. To achieve these objectives, the students will be trained both in basic research and in research applied to the diagnosis and therapy of the pathologies involved in infertility through theoretical seminars on specific topics and attendance in specialized laboratories connected to the PhD course. In particular, the training course will be articulated as follows : 1- Presentation, at the beginning of the course, of a research project 2- Participation in seminars on basic topics in the fields of interest of the course 3- Attendance of the PhD students at national and international meetings (Congresses and workshops) where the topics related to their research project are discussed with presentation, where possible, of the data obtained from their own research 4- Optional period of attendance at foreign institutions to broaden the knowledge on the methods related to their own research 5- Periodic turnover of the PhD students at accredited research laboratories 6- Discussion of the PhD thesis with external members.