The PhD has been designed and structured to allow the achievement of noteworthy objectives such as the introduction, insertion, and final development of research in the clinical setting. This involves the investigation first, and then the analysis, of fields that affect the cardiovascular and thoracic context. Furthermore, it will be possible to make known and allow the acquisition of important notions interesting in the fields of ultrasonography and advanced radiodiagnostics. Therefore, below are the specific contents incorporated in the different areas of interest. First, topics such as cardiovascular anatomy and physiology will be addressed with related vascular, cardiac, and thoracic pathologies associated with it. The study of non-invasive and invasive diagnostics, the notions of medical therapy, and advanced methods in the field of surgical therapy. Furthermore, the vegetative neuroeffector mechanisms in the cardiovascular field, the identification, the location, and the biological role of protease inhibitors directed at the level of the nervous and cardiovascular systems will be treated and analysed. Subsequently, space will be given to the study of the dopaminergic and cholinergic receptor systems involved in the cardiovascular system, with the relative actions of the plasma and tissue protease inhibitors involved in the same system. Equal importance will be given to the evaluation of myocardial vitality and the transmurality of the necrosis that occurs after the manifestation of myocardial infarction, using poly parametric techniques, and the evaluation of the stunned and hibernated myocardium. Furthermore, issues concerning pulmonary and extra-pulmonary mycobacteriosis, neurotrophin receptors in the pulmonary arteries and in the bronchioloalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis, the aerosol use of alpha interferon in pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis will also be addressed; and finally, the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary histiocytosis. The experiences gained during the three-year period will aim to lead the PhD students to orient themselves independently and professionally in the following areas: 1-Evaluation of vascular prostheses and endoprostheses (new technologies) 2-Evaluation of cardiac physiopathology and related diagnostics (new technologies and therapeutic strategies) 3-Evaluation of pulmonary physiopathology and its diagnostics 4- Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to thoracic surgery 5-Transplant of lungs 6-Study of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas 7-Study of cardiocirculatory arteriovenous shunts 8-Applications of scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pathologies of the cardiovascular and systemic vascular and pulmonary systems 9-Application of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of various cardiovascular and thoracic pathologies