The PhD in "Pharmaceutical Sciences" focuses mainly on three interconnected areas, all of a predominantly chemical nature: a) synthesis of new substances with pharmacological action (or extraction of active ingredients from natural sources and study of their structure), as well as development of innovative synthetic processes for the preparation of biologically active substances; b) study of the formulation aimed at optimizing the therapeutic action, reducing side effects, modifying the release of the drug from the pharmaceutical form, improving drug targeting and patient compliance, c) innovative analytical procedures for the qualitative and quantitative determination of drug components and food matrices; identification and dosage of impurities and by-products. The PhD in "Pharmaceutical Sciences" covers both the specific field of pharmaceutical technologies and innovative chemical processes. The PhD program aims to develop the knowledge and experience of PhD students in these areas, with a view to possible inclusion in the pharmaceutical industry as highly qualified personnel or in public or private research facilities. Each PhD student, assisted by one or more professors of the Faculty, follows an individual training course and specializes in a single sector through experimental thesis work. However, thanks to coordinated exchanges of information (lectures, seminars, and schools for doctoral students in Pharmaceutical Sciences, with the obligation to participate as defined by the postgraduate regulations), the student can expand their skills even in fields not directly related to the research work for the thesis. To complete the training, cycles of conferences are organized by experts from the University, the pharmaceutical industry, the Ministry of Health, and the National Institute of Health. In recent years, various speakers have focused mainly on the rules of good manufacturing practice (GMP) and the procedures for obtaining medicines' marketing authorization (MA). PhD students must also hold seminars on the topics covered by their research at least once a year. PhD students must also present seminars on their research topics at least once a year. The Academic Board encourages experiences at foreign universities both to follow specific courses and to develop research activities. Training internships in industries in the sector are also encouraged.