The PhD in Behavioral Neuroscience is characterized by a high level of interdisciplinarity and by a network of international relations which includes agreements for the double title, agreements with EMBL, scientific collaborations and co-supervisions and the participation of EU scholars (coming from UCL, Un Copenhagen, Antwerpen Unival) in the faculty staff demonstrates the clear international dimension of the course and offers ample opportunities for Doctorate students to spend periods of training and research in prestigious foreign structures. The PhDs trained in this course will have a solid theoretical and methodological preparation useful for their subsequent placement not only academically or in research institutes, but also in the fields of neurorehabilitation, clinical psychology, neuropsychology and the emerging fields of neuroimaging diagnostics, brain computer interfaces and use of artificial neural networks in different domains. The doctorate includes 4 curricula that differ in methodological approach. In addition to interdisciplinary training, each curriculum offers specific training, which in the "Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology" curriculum concerns the methodological framework and experimental investigation techniques for the study of normal and pathological behavior in murine animal models, the biological bases of behavior, the the use of drugs active on the nervous system to investigate the function of nervous structures or nuclei. In the curriculum "Behavioral Neurophysiology " the specific training concerns knowledge of the methods of recording nervous activity from non-human primates during the execution of motor and cognitive tasks, the multiscale and population analysis of neural signals deriving from neurophysiological approaches in humans in motor or perceptual tasks, the study of human and animal behavior, and typical methods of computational neuroscience. In the curriculum "Cognitive Neurosciences" concerns experimental approaches and psychophysical and psychophysiological techniques relating to the study of the complexity of human behavior in its cognitive and affective-emotional aspects, the evolution of cognitive functions throughout life, the methods for the development of experimental or clinical-diagnostic investigation tools and programs for cognitive enhancement. In the "Neuropsychology" curriculum it concerns the planning and design of experimental and clinical research in the neuropsychological field, the skills necessary for the use of behavioral, neuropsychological, psychophysiological and neuroimaging techniques for the study of cognitive activity.